Many school measures arrive too late to guide action. Leaders need early signals as well as end results.
Lagging indicators
These tell you what happened after the fact.
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End-of-term grades
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External test results
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Graduation outcomes
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Semester wellbeing survey totals
Leading indicators
These tell you what is likely to happen next.
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Attendance and punctuality trend
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Assignment completion trend
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Behaviour frequency trend
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Walkthrough patterns in instruction
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Student work quality sampling
A practical pairing rule
For every lagging indicator you track, choose at least one leading indicator that could influence it.
Example:
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Lagging: Writing achievement level
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Leading: Evidence of explicit success criteria in tasks and feedback frequency
A leadership warning
A leading indicator is only useful if you can influence it.
Key Takeaways
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Leading indicators support earlier, smaller adjustments.
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Pair leading and lagging measures to reduce surprise.
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Choose indicators you can act on.
Quick Check
Take one outcome you care about. Name one leading indicator you can influence within two weeks.